Introduction: What Is a Qipao or Cheongsam?
The qipao, also known internationally as the cheongsam, is one of the most iconic garments in modern Chinese fashion history. The term “qipao” literally means “banner robe,” referring to its origins among the Manchu women of the Qing dynasty. In its earliest form, the qipao was a loose, straight-cut robe that prioritized functionality and modesty. These robes were often made from silk or satin, decorated with intricate embroidery, and reflected the dignified, conservative aesthetic of the time.
By the 1920s in Shanghai, the qipao underwent significant transformation. Influenced by Western tailoring techniques, it began to adopt a more form-fitting silhouette, with defined waistlines, side slits, and diverse fabrics and embellishments. This new version of the qipao symbolized the rise of modern Chinese women—independent, fashionable, and outward-looking. Meanwhile, the term “cheongsam,” derived from the Cantonese pronunciation of “長衫” (meaning “long robe”), became widely used among overseas Chinese communities and eventually in international fashion discourse.
Thus, the qipao is far more than a garment. It embodies a journey of cultural evolution, bridging Chinese tradition and modernity, while simultaneously becoming a global style icon. In Australia, a multicultural society that embraces diversity, the qipao provides a unique opportunity for individuals to honor Chinese heritage while experimenting with cross-cultural fashion expression.
Pronunciation and Origins of Qipao and Cheongsam
“Qipao” and Its Mandarin Roots
The word “qipao” comes from Mandarin. Literally translating as “banner robe,” it originally referred to Manchu women’s clothing under the Qing dynasty before evolving into the stylish garment we know today. In modern Chinese discourse, “qipao” is the most common term used to describe this elegant dress.
“Cheongsam” and Its Cantonese Heritage
“Cheongsam” comes from the Cantonese pronunciation of “長衫” , which means “long robe.” Its English pronunciation is roughly chong-sam. While in Hong Kong, Macau, and overseas Chinese communities this is the preferred term, it ultimately refers to the same style of garment as the qipao.
Why Two Words for the Same Dress?
The coexistence of “qipao” and “cheongsam” reflects the cultural and linguistic diversity within the Chinese diaspora. “Qipao” often emphasizes the dress’s evolution in mainland China, while “cheongsam” carries with it the influence of Cantonese-speaking communities and international fashion recognition. Understanding both terms not only improves cross-cultural communication but also acknowledges the richness of the qipao’s history and global spread.
Can Non-Chinese Wear a Qipao?
Absolutely. The qipao is not exclusive to Chinese women—it is a beautiful garment that anyone may wear, provided it is approached with respect. The key distinction lies in intent: wearing a qipao should not be reduced to a “costume” or caricature. Instead, it should be embraced as an expression of appreciation for Chinese heritage and craftsmanship.
In Australia, where cultural exchange is highly valued, it is entirely appropriate for non-Chinese individuals to wear qipaos for weddings, cultural festivals, or even as part of formal evening attire. As long as it is worn thoughtfully, the qipao becomes a symbol of cultural appreciation rather than appropriation.
Dressing Etiquette: Respect Meets Creativity
1. Modesty in Length and Slit
Traditionally, qipaos are knee-length or longer, with slits kept modest. This design highlights elegance without sacrificing comfort or dignity. Overly revealing versions may dilute the garment’s cultural integrity, especially when worn at formal events.
2. Color Palette and Symbolism
Historically, muted, elegant tones such as navy, dark green, maroon, or beige were favored for formal occasions. These shades projected authority and refinement. Bright red or gold, on the other hand, were often reserved for festive events such as weddings or Lunar New Year. When choosing a qipao in Australia, consider the event context. Neutral tones work beautifully for professional or semi-formal gatherings, while vibrant hues shine during celebrations.
3. Tailoring and Fit
The qipao is celebrated for its body-hugging silhouette, but traditional tailoring avoided excessive tightness. A slightly looser cut not only allows more comfortable movement but also aligns with the aesthetic principle of subtle charm. In modern styling, this balance between form-fitting elegance and ease remains essential.
4. Right-Over-Left Fastening
Traditionally, Chinese garments overlap right over left (known as you ren). Left-over-right is historically reserved for burial attire, making it culturally inappropriate for daily wear. When purchasing a qipao, ensure that the fastening aligns correctly to honor this tradition.
Modern Styling Inspirations
The beauty of the qipao today lies in its adaptability. While tradition provides valuable guidelines, modern fashion encourages creativity. Here are some styling ideas for wearing the qipao gracefully in Australia:
- Casual Daywear: Pair a minimalist qipao with a denim jacket, sneakers, or a light cardigan. This creates a stylish fusion of East and West, making the qipao wearable for brunch or a day out.
- Office Chic: A structured qipao with clean lines can be layered under a blazer for work. Neutral shades such as navy or grey add professionalism while maintaining elegance.
- Evening Glamour: Opt for a floor-length qipao with embroidery, sequins, or metallic accents. Paired with heels and statement jewelry, it offers sophistication perfect for gala dinners or weddings.
- Creative Fusion: Experiment with accessories such as belts, contemporary jewelry, or leather jackets. This approach emphasizes individuality while respecting the garment’s cultural essence.
In multicultural Australia, such styling combinations showcase both respect for tradition and openness to modern interpretation.
Care and Storage in the Australian Climate
Australia’s diverse climate requires thoughtful care for delicate garments like the qipao.
- Cleaning: Always follow fabric instructions. Silk qipaos should be dry-cleaned or hand-washed in cool water with gentle detergents. Avoid machine washing, which can damage the fibers.
- Storage: Hang the qipao on padded hangers to prevent wrinkles and distortion. Store it in breathable garment bags, away from direct sunlight to prevent fading.
- Humidity and Pests: In coastal or humid regions, store qipaos with silica gel packs or cedarwood blocks to prevent mold and moth damage.
- Ironing: If needed, use a low-heat setting with a protective cloth to avoid direct heat on delicate fabrics.
Caring for your qipao properly ensures it remains a timeless piece you can treasure for years.
Qipao in Australia: A Cultural Bridge
Wearing a qipao in Australia is more than a fashion choice—it is a meaningful act of cultural exchange. For Australians of Chinese heritage, it may represent a way to reconnect with family traditions. For others, it offers a chance to celebrate multiculturalism while appreciating the artistry of Chinese design.
Australia’s cultural festivals, weddings, and formal gatherings often provide ideal opportunities to wear qipaos. Whether at Lunar New Year celebrations in Sydney’s Chinatown, a cultural gala in Melbourne, or a wedding reception in Perth, the qipao stands out as a garment that commands admiration while fostering cross-cultural dialogue.
Conclusion
The qipao is a garment of history, artistry, and evolving cultural significance. From its Manchu origins to its glamorous reinvention in 1920s Shanghai, it has always symbolized both tradition and modernity. In Australia today, the qipao provides not only a stylish choice but also a chance to engage in genuine cultural appreciation.
When worn respectfully—with attention to fit, color, and occasion—the qipao communicates elegance and cultural understanding. At the same time, modern fashion allows wearers to blend it with contemporary elements, making it both versatile and personal.
In a society as diverse as Australia, the qipao stands as a reminder that clothing is more than fabric—it is a conversation between cultures, a bridge across history, and an opportunity to express both respect and individuality.